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BPC-157

Taken to heal injuries and gut

Body Protection Compound 157

Match every finding to its exact substance, formulation, route and study population. A related molecule or approved medicine does not validate a catalog vial.

Animal / laboratory evidence
GEPPPGKPADDAGLVGEPPPGKPADDAGLV
Schematic illustration · View structure evidenceGEPPPGKPADDAGLV
Color key
NonpolarAromaticPositive chargeNegative chargePolar Copper ion D-form or non-natural

At a glance

Why people take it. And what backs it up.

  1. Heal injuries faster

    Animal studies only

    The top use: daily shots near a sore or torn tendon, ligament or muscle, hoping it heals faster.

    Sources (4)
  2. Heal the gut

    Animal studies only

    Often swallowed as capsules or liquid for IBS, reflux, Crohn’s disease and ‘leaky gut’, hoping to heal the gut lining.

    Sources (4)
  3. Ease joint pain

    One small report, no comparison group

    People with arthritic or injured knees and other sore joints take it hoping for relief; most patients given knee injections reported less pain.

    Sources (3)
  4. Recover after surgery

    Animal studies only

    People take it before and after operations, often with TB-500, hoping tendons and bones heal faster.

    Sources (4)

Evidence briefing

Sources checked

What the sources support.

BPC-157 has been studied extensively in animals, but research in people is very limited. There is no FDA-approved BPC-157 drug product.

What remains uncertain

Human research has not established whether it helps the conditions discussed below. Its safety for these uses is also uncertain. Animal findings and community reports cannot settle those questions.

Regulatory details and source context

BPC-157 is unapproved, with predominantly animal research and very limited human evidence. In July 2026 the PCAC recommended adding specified free-base/acetate bulk forms to the 503A list; that is not drug approval or a final FDA list decision.

FDA reviewers noted uncertain characterization and limited human safety data for proposed routes.

Not FDA-approved. In July 2026 the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee recommended including specified BPC-157 bulk forms on the 503A Bulks List; FDA has not issued a final determination. The advisory recommendation does not approve a drug. WADA prohibits BPC-157.

Identity and research status reviewRead the original sources

The research. What’s been studied.

  • Animal & lab studies

    Tendon and ligament research

    Many animal studies report faster tendon or ligament healing; reliable clinical benefit in people has not been established.

  • Animal & lab studies

    Gut research

    Rodent studies report effects on the stomach and intestinal lining. Human treatment benefit is unproven.

  • Animal & lab studies

    Other tissue repair claims

    Muscle, bone and blood-vessel findings are mainly from animal research, much of it from one research group.

  • Early human studies

    Human evidence

    Only a few small human reports or studies are available; they do not establish broad injury-healing claims.

What do these labels mean?
  • Human evidence: approved-drug data or larger human studies, within the populations and uses studied.
  • Early human studies: small, preliminary or limited human studies.
  • Animal & lab studies: animal or laboratory findings that do not establish effects in people.
  • Unverified: a proposed use or claim without verified supporting clinical evidence.
How each claim was reviewed (5)

Reported effects and evidence.

A citation may support, qualify or correct a claim. Read the study scope; a laboratory result is not an established benefit in people. Each review covers a claim as it was first collected; the tiles above show the collection’s current wording.

  1. Preclinical rat studies

    Review of “Tendon and ligament healing”

    Rat tendon and ligament experiments reported improved healing measures.

    Limitations and applicability. Titles should retain species rather than imply patient healing. Multiple related-lab studies do not equal replicated clinical evidence.

    Original collected claim and review history

    Original title: Tendon and ligament healing

    Many rat studies report faster, stronger healing of injured tendons and ligaments.

    Original label: animal. Preserved for traceability; the reviewed wording above qualifies this record.

    Record bpc-157:benefit:1 · Annotated 2026-10-01 · Review method

  2. Preclinical rat ulcer study; bundled claim

    Review of “Gut protection”

    BPC-157 reduced ulcer injury in specific rat gastric-ulcer experiments; provide separate citations for colitis and intestinal claims.

    Limitations and applicability. Verified source supports gastric ulcers, not every intestinal/colitis claim. Split models and cite each.

    Original collected claim and review history

    Original title: Gut protection

    Protected the stomach and intestinal lining and healed ulcers and colitis in rodents.

    Original label: animal. Preserved for traceability; the reviewed wording above qualifies this record.

    Record bpc-157:benefit:2 · Annotated 2026-10-01 · Review method

  3. Preclinical rat muscle-to-bone experiment; bone-fracture claim unresolved

    Review of “Muscle and bone healing”

    A rat muscle-to-bone detachment study reported improved repair. Fracture-healing claims need a separate primary source.

    Limitations and applicability. Verified paper concerns detachment/reattachment, not generic fracture healing. Preserve exact injury model.

    Original collected claim and review history

    Original title: Muscle and bone healing

    Sped recovery from muscle injuries and bone fractures in rats.

    Original label: animal. Preserved for traceability; the reviewed wording above qualifies this record.

    Record bpc-157:benefit:3 · Annotated 2026-10-01 · Review method

  4. Preclinical in-vivo mechanism

    Review of “New blood vessel growth”

    BPC-157 altered angiogenesis markers during muscle/tendon repair in animals; this is not evidence of human healing.

    Limitations and applicability. Study found context-dependent angiogenesis during healing and no direct angiogenic effect in its cell culture tests.

    Original collected claim and review history

    Original title: New blood vessel growth

    Promotes blood-vessel formation, which brings nutrients to healing tissue.

    Original label: animal. Preserved for traceability; the reviewed wording above qualifies this record.

    Record bpc-157:benefit:4 · Annotated 2026-10-01 · Review method

  5. Preclinical oral-route observations; stability assertion unresolved

    Review of “Stable when swallowed”

    Oral administration has been studied in rodents. Direct stability and human oral-efficacy claims require separate evidence.

    Limitations and applicability. Oral animal effects do not themselves establish gastric-acid stability, bioavailability or oral human efficacy.

    Original collected claim and review history

    Original title: Stable when swallowed

    Unusually resistant to stomach acid, so it’s also studied by mouth.

    Original label: animal. Preserved for traceability; the reviewed wording above qualifies this record.

    Record bpc-157:benefit:5 · Annotated 2026-10-01 · Review method

The research in detail
Human research
Very limited; effectiveness has not been established.
Product approval
No FDA-approved BPC-157 drug product.
Community reports
Personal reports are recorded separately. They do not establish benefits or safety.

Most published BPC-157 research is preclinical, with many studies from one research group. Human evidence is sparse and has not established effectiveness for tendon, ligament, muscle, bone or gut conditions. FDA reviewers also noted uncertainty about substance characterization and safety for proposed compounded routes.

Evidence is assessed claim by claim above. Regulatory approval, study design, findings and relevance are separate questions; there is no single evidence score.

Risks and unknowns. What to know first.

Collected cautions follow. These are not an exhaustive or independently validated safety assessment; claim references do not automatically support every caution.

  • Largely unknown in humans, which is the core problem.
  • Because it promotes , researchers have raised a theoretical concern about feeding existing tumors.

What people report

Show all 11 cautionsShow fewer cautions

Read this first: what “research use only” means

Published dosing records. No established dose.

Historical label and trial records for the named product, route, population and indication. These records are not a personal schedule or a validated regimen for a catalog vial. Source attribution does not establish applicability.

No approved label or fully published controlled trial sets a dose. The only full human reports are three small Florida clinic studies with no comparison group: knee injections, bladder injections in 12 women, and a drip into a vein in 2 people.

Any dose you see online for it is a guess, not a tested dose.

Community protocols. Reported online. Not clinically validated.

Community reports Collection date: 30 Sep 2026

The most common protocol is 250–500 mcg injected under the skin once or twice a day, often near the injury, for about 4–6 weeks, while people with gut problems more often swallow 500–1,000 mcg a day.

More about this

Reported doses run from 25–100 mcg test doses to several milligrams a day, and no dose has been tested in a human trial.

Not testedFrequently encountered in reviewed sources

Injury repair (injection)

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
250–500 mcg per shot; about 200–1,000 mcg a day in total
How often
Once or twice a day (morning and evening when split)
Route
Injection under the skin, near the injury or in the belly
Timing
No set time; split doses are usually taken morning and evening
How long
Usually 4–6 weeks. Some run 2–4 weeks for a fresh injury and up to 12 weeks for long-standing problems.
Cycle
Then a break. One author advises 8–12 weeks on, then 4–8 weeks off.
Ramp
Many start at the low end (about 250 mcg a day) and raise the dose if nothing changes after 1–2 weeks.
Mixing
5 mg vial + 2 mL bacteriostatic water (0.1 mL = 250 mcg), or 10 mg vial + 2 mL (0.1 mL = 500 mcg)
  • Injecting close to the injury is popular, but many users and the author quoted here say it acts throughout the body wherever it is injected.
  • Twice-a-day dosing is justified by the short half-life seen in animals. No study in people compares schedules.
  • A 2019 compounding pharmacy catalog listed 0.15 mL of a 2,000 mcg per mL solution (300 mcg) once a day, injected at the injury.
  • A doctor on MESO-Rx warned against injecting into joints or tendons with products not guaranteed sterile.
Sources (4)

Not testedCommon

Gut problems (by mouth)

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
250–1,000 mcg a day; 500 mcg is typical and some go to 1,500 mcg
How often
Once or twice a day
Route
By mouth (capsules, or solution from a vial swallowed)
Timing
On an empty stomach, often about 30 minutes before food
How long
About 4–12 weeks
Mixing
Usually ready-made capsules of 250, 500 or 1,000 mcg. Some users drink solution made from injection vials instead.
  • Some users and one practitioner insist on the ‘arginate’ (stable salt) form for swallowing. Users argue about whether the ordinary acetate form works as well.
  • Many users say swallowed BPC-157 helps gut symptoms but not tendons or joints; a few report joint benefits too.
  • A 2019 compounding catalog listed 500 mcg capsules, one a day, for bowel and gut repair.
Sources (4)
Show all 8 protocolsShow fewer protocols

Not testedCommon

With TB-500 (the ‘Wolverine’ stack)

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
BPC-157 250–500 mcg a day plus TB-500 about 2–5 mg once or twice a week; or a 1:1 blend vial, for example about 450–500 mcg of each once or twice a day
How often
BPC-157 daily; TB-500 once or twice a week (or daily when blended)
Route
Injection under the skin
How long
About 4–8 weeks
Cycle
One author gives 8 weeks on, then 4 weeks off
Ramp
Some use a higher ‘loading’ phase (for example TB-500 5 mg twice a week for 3 weeks) and then halve both doses
Mixing
Blend vials are sold as 5 mg + 5 mg or 10 mg + 10 mg. One user mixes separate 10 mg vials with 2 mL each and takes 10 units (500 mcg) of each.
  • Adding GHK-Cu makes the ‘GLOW’ blend, and adding GHK-Cu plus KPV makes ‘KLOW’.
  • Much of the ‘TB-500’ sold, including in blends, tests as full-length thymosin beta-4 (see the tb4 and tb500-frag entries).
Sources (4)

Not testedSometimes seen

High-dose clinic protocol (5 days on, 2 off)

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
Starts at 500 mcg a day; one clinic says it went as high as 5,000 mcg a day
How often
Once a day, Monday to Friday
Route
Injection under the skin
Cycle
5 days on, 2 days off
Ramp
Start at 500 mcg a day and increase over time
  • Dr. Craig Koniver says his clinic used this on thousands of patients before US compounding of BPC-157 stopped.
  • He says the 5-on, 2-off pattern came from how growth hormone is dosed, not from BPC-157 data.
Sources (2)

Not testedSometimes seen

Low test dose (for people worried about side effects)

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
25–100 mcg
How often
Once, then daily if tolerated
Route
Injection under the skin
Ramp
Start very low and work up slowly
  • Suggested in threads about low mood (anhedonia) after BPC-157.
Sources (2)

Not testedFringe

Milligram doses (bodybuilding forums)

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
1–10 mg a day; posters report 2–6 mg a day
How often
Once to several times a day
Route
Injection under the skin
How long
Around surgery or a bad injury, for weeks to months
Ramp
Some start high and step down (for example 1,500 mcg a day for a week, then 1,000, then 500)
  • Posters argue that microgram doses are too small. This is the opposite of the low-dose advice elsewhere.
Sources (3)

Not testedFringe

Split small doses through the day

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
About 250–500 mcg per shot
How often
3–4 times a day (about every 6 hours)
Route
Injection under the skin
  • Based on BPC-157’s short half-life in animals. Jay Campbell calls dosing every 4–6 hours ‘a fundamental misunderstanding’.
Sources (2)

Not testedFringe

Nasal spray

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
About 50–100 mcg per use; one compounding pharmacy proposed 50 mcg per spray
How often
Not standardized
Route
Nasal spray
  • Ready-made BPC-157 nasal sprays are sold online. Some users hope it reaches the brain.
  • Jay Campbell says nasal absorption is ‘genuinely poor’.
Sources (2)

Where the numbers come from

Doses are scaled up from rat studies, mostly from Predrag Sikiric’s group in Zagreb, which used about 10 mcg per kg. The popular 250–500 mcg range sits between body-surface scaling and straight per-kilogram scaling. Compounding pharmacy catalogs (for example Tailor Made Compounding in 2019: 300 mcg a day by injection, 500 mcg capsules) turned these into fixed clinic protocols. The 5-days-on pattern was borrowed from growth hormone dosing. No human dose-finding study exists.

Home-made sprays and serums

Home-made nasal spray. Community recipes. Not tested.

Original source recordsHide

BPC-157 is sold ready-made as a nasal spray (often with TB-500) and some users make their own by dissolving the powder in bacteriostatic water or saline in a spray bottle. Reported use is about 300–500 mcg a day. Many users think it barely absorbs. Community only.

Best evidence: Community only (Reddit r/Peptides, 2023–2026); vendor kits and ready-made sprays. No trial or pharmacy formula found. FDA says it has little or no safety information for the proposed routes.

Not testedNasal sprayCommon

Vendor kits and ready-made sprays

Original source-specific report. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Exact form and route are limited to the source’s description.

Ingredients and methodHide the recipe

Ingredients

IngredientAmountRole
BPC-157 (often with TB-500)for example 5 mg of each per bottleActive

Method

Some vendors ship powder with sterile water, a nasal sprayer and a syringe for the buyer to mix.

Per dose
50 mcg per spray for one 5 mg + 5 mg BPC/TB-500 spray (stated).

Not stated: how it’s used.

Sources (3)

Not testedNasal spraySometimes seen

Powder + bacteriostatic water in a spray bottle

Original source-specific report. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Exact form and route are limited to the source’s description.

Ingredients and methodHide the recipe

Ingredients

IngredientAmountRole
BPC-157vial (amount not stated)Active
Bacteriostatic waternot statedLiquid / preservative

Method

  1. Mix the powder with bacteriostatic water in the nose spray bottle.
  2. Refrigerate.
How it’s used
Users report about 300–500 mcg a day.
Preservative
Bacteriostatic water.
Storage
Fridge.
Keeps for
‘Up to 40 days, some say longer. At least 30’ (one user).
  • Another user recommends ‘bacteriostatic NaCl’ (bacteriostatic saline) over sterile water, but warns it may burn or dry the nose.
  • Another says to use saline because ‘nasal BAC will burn’.

Not stated: the amount per dose.

Sources (6)
Editorial synthesis and reported strength comparison

This synthesized method combines source records. It has not been validated for preparation, sterility, compatibility, absorption or storage. Select a reported strength to inspect the arithmetic; no strength is selected for you.

Not testedNasal spray

No amounts were found in the reviewed recipe records for this one. What was found is under “Original source records”.

Good to know

  • Bacteriostatic water contains 0.9–1.1% benzyl alcohol as a preservative. Its label covers mixing injections, not nasal use; EU labels warn of allergic reactions.
  • Some use store-bought saline nasal spray for its preservatives: often benzalkonium chloride, which can irritate the nose with long use, and sometimes benzyl alcohol.
  • Never tap water: it is not sterile, and CDC researchers warn against it for nasal rinsing.
What people report

On the skin: home-made serums. Community recipes. Not tested.

Original source recordsHide

BPC-157 is sometimes put on the skin, either as a compounded cream, a ready-made cream from a peptide seller, or by stirring reconstituted injectable powder into a cream (sometimes with DMSO), mostly for wounds, scars and surgery recovery. The only documented recipes with amounts are from mouse burn studies (which users pass around as a protocol) and a compounding-pharmacy catalog; users are split, with several saying topical use does nothing.

Best evidence: Animal studies only: in mice, creams made by dissolving BPC-157 in water and mixing it into a neutral cream improved burn and laser-wound healing. No human topical trials were found. A US compounding pharmacy listed a 100 mcg per mL cream.

Not testedCreamSometimes seen

Research cream from mouse burn studies (animal research, not a human recipe)

Original source-specific report. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Exact form and route are limited to the source’s description.

Batch: 50 g of cream

Ingredients and methodHide the recipe

Ingredients

IngredientAmountRole
BPC-15750 mcg (strongest); lower creams used 5 mcg, 500 ng, 50 ng or 5 ngActive
Distilled water2 mLSolvent
Commercial neutral cream50 gBase

Method

  1. Dissolve the BPC-157 in 2 mL of distilled water.
  2. Mix into 50 g of plain (neutral) cream.
  3. Apply a thin layer to the wound.
How it’s used
In mice: a thin layer on the burn right after injury, then once a day.
  • A later study from the same group used BPC-157 creams in corticosteroid-treated burned mice (1 mcg per gram of cream is mentioned).
  • These are animal experiments; they show how the researchers made the cream, not a tested human dose.
  • A 2019 r/Peptides answer points people to this mouse-study cream as ‘a protocol you can follow’.
Sources (5)

Not testedCreamSometimes seen

Compounded BPC-157 cream (US compounding pharmacy)

Original source-specific report. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Exact form and route are limited to the source’s description.

Batch: 30 g

Ingredients and methodHide the recipe

Ingredients

IngredientAmountRole
BPC-157100 mcg per mLActive
Transdermal cream base (not specified)Base

Method

Made by the pharmacy; no method is published.

  • The same catalog lists a ‘BPC/HOD/GHK’ 2 mg/1 mg/2 mg per mL product in 30 mL; the text is garbled and its form is not clear.

Not stated: how it’s used.

Sources (1)

Not testedCreamFringe

Reconstituted injectable powder added to a cream or DMSO (community)

Original source-specific report. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Exact form and route are limited to the source’s description.

Batch: not stated

Ingredients and methodHide the recipe

Ingredients

IngredientAmountRole
BPC-157, freeze-dried vial, reconstitutednot statedActive
Any creamnot statedBase
DMSO (some users)not statedPenetration aid

Method

Reconstitute a vial meant for injection and put some on the area or into a cream before applying.

  • One user bought a ready-made ‘regenerative serum’ said to contain BPC-157 and GHK-Cu; its strength is not given.
  • Some users mix BPC-157 with DMSO to push it into the skin and report a ‘noticeable effect’; others argue the peptide is too large (about 1,400 daltons) to pass through skin.
  • Ready-made BPC-157/TB-500 creams are sold (one bought into Australia); commenters doubt they contain any detectable peptide.

Not stated: how it’s used.

Sources (9)
Editorial synthesis and reported strength comparison

This synthesized method combines source records. It has not been validated for preparation, sterility, compatibility, absorption or storage. Select a reported strength to inspect the arithmetic; no strength is selected for you.

Not testedOn the skin

No amounts were found in the reviewed recipe records for this one. What was found is under “Original source records”.

Good to know

  • Use distilled water, not tap: tap water carries minerals, chlorine and microbes that can spoil the serum.
What people report
Research notes

No human dose-finding study exists, so every number is extrapolated. Sources disagree on once, twice or 3–4 times a day, on whether injecting near the injury matters, and on whether swallowed BPC-157 works outside the gut. The range runs from 25 mcg test doses to 5 mg a day in one clinic and 6 mg or more on bodybuilding forums. In July 2026 an FDA panel voted to recommend compounding it, but FDA has not decided. Most products are sold ‘for research’ with no guarantee of identity or purity; the FDA skin-darkening report involved such a product. Some clinics also offer BPC-157 by intravenous drip (Lifespan.io reported it on the intravenous-therapy price list of the clinic linked to the 2025 RAADfest hospitalizations, where the peptides given were never identified); no community dose for intravenous use was found.

Nasal spray

One self-described prescriber claimed on Reddit that oral and nasal BPC could legally be prescribed; this search found no FDA statement supporting that, and BPC-157 is on FDA’s safety-risk list.

On the skin

Evidence for skin use is from mice; the compounding catalog gives a cream strength but no dose. The FDA listing is about compounding in general, not specifically about creams.

What it is. In plain English.

A research peptide with extensive animal studies but very limited human evidence and no FDA-approved drug product.

BPC-157 is a chain of 15 amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Much of the interest in it comes from studies in animals. Those findings do not establish that it repairs injuries or treats gut conditions in people.

What it is and how it is studied

A 15-amino-acid peptide described in research as a fragment of a protein found in gastric juice. Its stability and effects in a seller’s oral product have not been established.

Animal studies suggest it promotes new blood vessels (through the VEGFR2 receptor), interacts with the nitric-oxide system, and speeds up fibroblasts, the cells that rebuild tendons and ligaments. It also protects the gut lining in rodents.

Reviewed 2026-10-01.

Structure. Nothing to show yet.

No experimental 3D structure of BPC-157 is in the .

Neither its name nor its 15-amino-acid sequence is in any entry.

Checked 30 Sep 2026.

Specs. The facts at a glance.

Length
15 amino acids
Sequence
GEPPPGKPADDAGLV
Sold as
  • BPC-157 10 mg
In blends
Regulatory status
Not FDA-approved. In July 2026 the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee recommended including specified BPC-157 bulk forms on the 503A Bulks List; FDA has not issued a final determination. The advisory recommendation does not approve a drug. prohibits BPC-157.
Also known as
Body Protection Compound 157

Sources. What this page rests on.

Every source behind this page, with what it says and when it was checked, is in the Source library.

BPC-157 in the Source library

Original overview and research notes · annotated 2026-10-01

Historical collection text. Read alongside the claim corrections above; identity or evidence qualifications may supersede this wording.

Tissue and gut repair

The best-known “healing peptide.” Strong results in rats, almost no human trials.

A 15-amino-acid fragment of a larger protein found in human gastric juice. It’s unusually stable in stomach acid, which is why some people take it by mouth.

Animal studies suggest it promotes new blood vessels (through the VEGFR2 receptor), interacts with the nitric-oxide system, and speeds up fibroblasts, the cells that rebuild tendons and ligaments. It also protects the gut lining in rodents.

Hundreds of rodent studies, most from one research group in Zagreb, report faster healing of tendon, ligament, muscle, bone and gut injuries. Human data amount to a few small reports without control groups. No large randomized trial has been published.

Original status record: Not approved in any country. In July 2026 an FDA advisory panel voted to recommend allowing pharmacies to compound it, against FDA staff advice; the FDA has not decided. Banned by WADA since 2022.

More in Healing & repair.

Glossary

Angiogenesis

The growth of new blood vessels. Helpful for healing, but also what tumors need to grow, which is why pro-healing peptides raise cancer questions.

Glossary

WADA

The World Anti-Doping Agency. Its S0 category bans any substance not approved for human use, which covers most of this catalog.

Glossary

Protein Data Bank (PDB)

The free worldwide archive of 3D structures of proteins and other molecules measured in experiments. Each entry has a four-character code, like 7KI0.