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Thymosin Beta-4

Taken to heal injuries faster

TB4; often sold as “TB-500”

Match every finding to its exact substance, formulation, route and study population. A related molecule or approved medicine does not validate a catalog vial.

Animal / laboratory evidence · Human / product-specific records
Schematic illustration · View structure evidence

Simplified drawing of a chain of 43 amino acids

At a glance

Why people take it. And what backs it up.

  1. Heal injuries faster

    Animal studies only

    Often sold as ‘TB-500’ and injected, usually with BPC-157, to speed healing of muscle, tendon and ligament injuries.

    Sources (4)
  2. Recover from hard training

    People report it, not studied

    Athletes and lifters use it hoping for less soreness and stiffness between hard sessions, though it is banned in tested sport.

    Sources (3)
  3. Recover after surgery

    Animal studies only

    People also take it around operations, often with BPC-157, hoping to heal faster.

    Sources (4)
  4. Heal skin wounds

    Small trials, mixed results

    Clinics also offer it for slow-healing wounds; trials tested it only as a skin treatment, on leg and pressure ulcers.

    Sources (4)

Evidence briefing

Sources checked

What the sources support.

Thymosin beta-4 is the full 43-amino-acid protein. Human evidence concerns investigational RGN-259 eye drops; it does not establish benefit or safety for injectable TB4 vials, and no FDA-approved TB4 product was identified.

Keep in mind

Full-length TB4 differs from the seven-amino-acid TB-500 fragment; eye-drop results do not transfer to injection.

Identity and research status reviewRead the original sources

The research. What’s been studied.

  • Animal & lab studies

    Wound-healing research

    Animal studies report faster skin healing and changes in cell migration; clinical benefit for injected TB4 has not been established.

  • Early human studies

    Eye-drop research

    Investigational thymosin beta-4 eye drops were tested for dry eye and corneal disease, with mixed trial results.

  • Unverified

    Full-length protein

    Thymosin beta-4 is distinct from the seven-amino-acid TB-500 fragment sometimes sold under a similar name.

What do these labels mean?
  • Human evidence: approved-drug data or larger human studies, within the populations and uses studied.
  • Early human studies: small, preliminary or limited human studies.
  • Animal & lab studies: animal or laboratory findings that do not establish effects in people.
  • Unverified: a proposed use or claim without verified supporting clinical evidence.
How each claim was reviewed (5)

Reported effects and evidence.

A citation may support, qualify or correct a claim. Read the study scope; a laboratory result is not an established benefit in people. Each review covers a claim as it was first collected; the tiles above show the collection’s current wording.

  1. Preclinical wound experiments

    Review of “Faster wound healing”

    Full-length thymosin beta-4 accelerated repair measures in a rat skin-wound experiment.

    Limitations and applicability. Verified original supports rat dermal repair; source eye-injury claim separately.

    Original collected claim and review history

    Original title: Faster wound healing

    Sped healing of skin and eye injuries in animals.

    Original label: animal. Preserved for traceability; the reviewed wording above qualifies this record.

    Record tb4:benefit:1 · Annotated 2026-10-01 · Review method

  2. Cell/animal mechanism

    Review of “Moves repair cells into injuries”

    Full-length thymosin beta-4 interacts with actin and affected cell migration in preclinical experiments.

    Limitations and applicability. Cell migration and actin binding are mechanistic findings, not independently established human tissue-repair benefits.

    Original collected claim and review history

    Original title: Moves repair cells into injuries

    Helps cells migrate into damaged tissue by controlling actin, part of the cell skeleton.

    Original label: animal. Preserved for traceability; the reviewed wording above qualifies this record.

    Record tb4:benefit:2 · Annotated 2026-10-01 · Review method

  3. Preclinical mouse corneal-injury experiment

    Review of “Less inflammation and scarring”

    Full-length thymosin beta-4 reduced inflammatory measures in a mouse corneal-injury model; source the scarring claim separately.

    Limitations and applicability. Verified source supports decreased inflammation after alkali injury; scar reduction needs a separate endpoint/source.

    Original collected claim and review history

    Original title: Less inflammation and scarring

    Reduced inflammation and scar formation in animal studies.

    Original label: animal. Preserved for traceability; the reviewed wording above qualifies this record.

    Record tb4:benefit:3 · Annotated 2026-10-01 · Review method

  4. Preclinical mouse cardiac injury

    Review of “Heart repair”

    In mice after coronary ligation, full-length thymosin beta-4 improved cardiac survival/function measures.

    Limitations and applicability. Mouse coronary-ligation findings do not establish human post-infarction repair.

    Original collected claim and review history

    Original title: Heart repair

    Protected heart tissue after heart attacks in animal studies.

    Original label: animal. Preserved for traceability; the reviewed wording above qualifies this record.

    Record tb4:benefit:4 · Annotated 2026-10-01 · Review method

  5. Human topical RCT; mixed endpoints

    Review of “Eye surface repair”

    Full-length topical thymosin beta-4 has mixed human eye-study findings, including a trial with no significant primary-endpoint benefit.

    Limitations and applicability. 2015 trial missed both primary endpoints despite favorable secondary endpoints; do not imply systemic or fragment efficacy.

    Original collected claim and review history

    Original title: Eye surface repair

    Tested as eye drops for dry eye and corneal damage, with mixed results.

    Original label: early. Preserved for traceability; the reviewed wording above qualifies this record.

    Record tb4:benefit:5 · Annotated 2026-10-01 · Review method

The research in detail

Evidence category

Human trials, not approved

Animal studies and human trials of RGN-259 eye drops provide different levels of evidence for different routes. Eye-drop trials had mixed results; no injectable TB4 product has been approved.

Evidence is assessed claim by claim above. Regulatory approval, study design, findings and relevance are separate questions; there is no single evidence score.

Risks and unknowns. What to know first.

Collected cautions follow. These are not an exhaustive or independently validated safety assessment; claim references do not automatically support every caution.

  • Injected safety in people is unstudied.
  • Theoretical tumor-growth concern because it promotes blood vessels and cell migration.

What people report

Show all 8 cautionsShow fewer cautions

Read this first: what “research use only” means

Published dosing records. What the trials used.

Historical label and trial records for the named product, route, population and indication. These records are not a personal schedule or a validated regimen for a catalog vial. Source attribution does not establish applicability.

Phase 3 eye drops

Phase 3 trial (SEER-1) of 0.1% eye drops in people with neurotrophic keratopathy, a nerve-related disease of the eye surface (International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022)

Fixed courseClinical trial

Source: Sosne et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022 (SEER-1) (opens in a new tab)

Weeks 1–4
0.1%
How
Eye drops
How often
Five times a day
How long
4 weeks in the trial
  • These were eye drops, not injections. No injected dose has been established.
  • The drops went into the affected eye or eyes.
  • The trial missed its main goal: 6 of 10 treated people healed fully by 4 weeks, versus 1 of 8 on placebo, which was not statistically significant.
  • In a safety study, healthy volunteers got 42, 140, 420 or 1260 mg into a vein, once and then daily for 14 days, with no dose-limiting side effects (Ruff et al., 2010).

Phase 2 dry eye

Phase 2 trial of 0.1% eye drops in people with moderate to severe dry eye (Clinical Ophthalmology, 2015)

Fixed courseClinical trial

Source: Sosne and Ousler, Clinical Ophthalmology, 2015 (opens in a new tab)

Days 1–28
0.1%
How
Eye drops
How often
Twice a day, 1–2 drops in each eye
How long
28 days in the trial
  • These were eye drops, not injections. No injected dose has been established.
  • The drops did not beat placebo on the two main measures, though some other measures improved.
  • A smaller trial in severe dry eye used the same 0.1% drops six times a day for 28 days (Sosne et al., Cornea, 2015).

These doses were tested in clinical trials under medical supervision. They aren’t approved for use, and a research vial is not the product that was tested.

Community protocols. Reported online. Not clinically validated.

Community reports Collection date: 30 Sep 2026

Forum users and vendor guides mostly inject about 2–2.5 mg twice a week (about 5 mg a week) for 4–6 weeks and then about half that, while clinics and compounding pharmacies give 450–750 mcg a day for 20–30 days.

More about this

Forum testers say most ‘TB-500’ sold is actually full-length thymosin beta-4, so many reported ‘TB-500’ doses really apply to this peptide.

Not testedFrequently encountered in reviewed sources

Twice-weekly loading, then maintenance

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
About 2–2.5 mg per shot (roughly 5 mg a week); some go to 5 mg per shot or up to 20 mg a week
How often
Twice a week (some three times) during loading; then once a week or every other week
Route
Injection under the skin (some inject into a muscle)
How long
Loading for 1–6 weeks (4–6 weeks is most often quoted), then maintenance
Cycle
Maintenance at about half the weekly loading dose
Ramp
Loading phase first, then taper to maintenance
Mixing
Research vials of 5 or 10 mg, mixed with 1–3 mL bacteriostatic water
  • Many users following this schedule do not know whether their ‘TB-500’ is the full protein or the fragment.
  • Some users say it is a mistake to dose full-length thymosin beta-4 only twice a week, because they believe its half-life is only a few hours.
Sources (3)

Not testedCommon

Daily compounded course (clinic)

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
450–750 mcg a day (range quoted by one professional society: 300 mcg upward)
How often
Once a day
Route
Injection under the skin, usually in the belly
How long
20–30 days (for example 750 mcg for 20 days or 450 mcg for 30 days)
Cycle
One monograph: no more than 3 months without a break (3 months on and 6 weeks off, or 6 weeks on and 6 weeks off)
Mixing
Compounded as a ready-mixed 3 mg per mL solution in a 5 mL vial
  • The clinic sheet quoted here copies the 2019 Tailor Made Compounding catalog almost word for word, showing how one pharmacy’s protocol spread.
  • The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M) monograph’s range runs from ‘300 mcg – 1 gram daily’. The ‘gram’ is probably a typing error for milligram, but Reddit users repeat it.
Sources (3)
Show all 5 protocolsShow fewer protocols

Not testedCommon

Daily or twice-daily small doses (forums)

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
250–750 mcg per shot; 300 mcg–1.5 mg a day
How often
Once or twice a day
Route
Injection under the skin
Ramp
One forum user started at 125 mcg twice a day and worked up to 750 mcg twice a day
  • Users who believe full-length thymosin beta-4 is short-lived dose it like BPC-157, often in the same syringe.
Sources (3)

Not testedCommon

In blends with BPC-157 (Wolverine), GHK-Cu (GLOW) or KPV (KLOW)

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
Typically about 300–540 mcg of TB4 a day inside the blend (for example 2,000 mcg GHK-Cu + 320 mcg BPC-157 + 320 mcg TB4 per shot)
How often
Once or twice a day
Route
Injection under the skin
Mixing
Common blend vials: BPC-157/TB-500 5 mg + 5 mg or 10 mg + 10 mg; GLOW is GHK-Cu, TB-500 and BPC-157 in a 5:1:1 ratio (50 mg + 10 mg + 10 mg)
  • Blend vials rarely say whether the ‘TB-500’ inside is the full protein or the fragment.
Sources (3)

Not testedSometimes seen

Every other day

Collected report · exact form and route are only as reported below. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01.

Frequency labels describe this collection, not a measured population. Contradictory records remain available.

Details and sourcesHide details
Dose
2–2.5 mg
How often
Every other day
Route
Injection under the skin
How long
For example 4 weeks
Sources (2)

Where the numbers come from

The name ‘TB-500’ comes from a veterinary product sold for racehorses and greyhounds around 2011, which doping labs identified as the 17–23 fragment. Human users adopted the name, but forum testers say most research-vial ‘TB-500’ is full-length thymosin beta-4. The twice-weekly 2–2.5 mg schedule is repeated across forums and vendor guides without a documented source. The daily 450–750 mcg schedule comes from compounding pharmacy catalogs (Tailor Made Compounding, 2019) and was copied onto clinic handouts; the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine monograph gives 300 mcg upward. None of these doses has been tested in people.

Home-made sprays and serums

Home-made nasal spray. Community recipes. Not tested.

Original source recordsHide

TB-500 is sold as a ready-made nasal spray (alone or with BPC-157), and at least one user made their own with saline. Users doubt it absorbs. Community only.

Best evidence: Community only (Reddit r/Peptides, 2023–2026); one vendor formula described by a buyer.

Not testedNasal spraySometimes seen

Vendor TB-500 nasal spray formula (Science.bio, as described by a buyer)

Original source-specific report. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Exact form and route are limited to the source’s description.

Ingredients and methodHide the recipe

Ingredients

IngredientAmountRole
TB-500not statedActive
Deionised water (type 2)Liquid
AcetateBuffer
Benzalkonium chloride (BKC)Preservative
Preservative
Benzalkonium chloride.
  • The buyer added their own BPC-157 (dissolved in bacteriostatic water) to the half-used TB-500 bottle.

Not stated: how it’s used and the amount per dose.

Sources (1)

Not testedNasal sprayFringe

1 mL saline per 5 mg (home-made)

Original source-specific report. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Exact form and route are limited to the source’s description.

Batch: 1 mL per 5 mg

Ingredients and methodHide the recipe

Ingredients

IngredientAmountRole
TB-5005 mgActive
Saline1 mLLiquid
Preservative
None.
Storage
Fridge (no alcohol).
Keeps for
Use quickly.
  • The same user gave this ratio for DSIP and said they had made a TB-500 spray this way.

Not stated: how it’s used and the amount per dose.

Sources (1)
Editorial synthesis and reported strength comparison

This synthesized method combines source records. It has not been validated for preparation, sterility, compatibility, absorption or storage. Select a reported strength to inspect the arithmetic; no strength is selected for you.

Not testedNasal spray

No amounts were found in the reviewed recipe records for this one. What was found is under “Original source records”.

Good to know

  • Bacteriostatic water contains 0.9–1.1% benzyl alcohol as a preservative. Its label covers mixing injections, not nasal use; EU labels warn of allergic reactions.
  • Some use store-bought saline nasal spray for its preservatives: often benzalkonium chloride, which can irritate the nose with long use, and sometimes benzyl alcohol.
  • Never tap water: it is not sterile, and CDC researchers warn against it for nasal rinsing.
What people report

On the skin: home-made serums. Community recipes. Not tested.

Original source recordsHide

Thymosin beta-4 has been tested as a prescription-style skin gel (RGN-137) in phase 2 trials for leg ulcers, pressure ulcers and a blistering skin disease, at 0.01–0.1%. Community topical use is rare: people ask about putting TB-500 on the skin after derma-rolling, and others doubt it gets through the skin.

Best evidence: Phase 2 clinical trials of a thymosin beta-4 gel (RegeneRx, RGN-137) at 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.1%, once a day for up to 56–84 days. A 2010 report suggested 0.03% might speed healing of venous ulcers; a review says healing was about a month faster in patients who healed. The gel is not on the market.

Not testedOtherSometimes seen

Clinical-trial gel (RGN-137): 0.01%, 0.03% or 0.1% thymosin beta-4, once a day

Original source-specific report. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Exact form and route are limited to the source’s description.

Batch: not stated

Ingredients and methodHide the recipe

Ingredients

Ingredient%Role
Thymosin beta-40.01%, 0.03% or 0.1% w/w (0.02% in the pressure-ulcer trial)Active
Gel base (not described)Base

Method

Made by the trial sponsor; not available to buy.

How it’s used
Applied to the wound once a day for up to 84 days (venous and pressure ulcers) or 56 days (epidermolysis bullosa).
  • The epidermolysis bullosa trial was terminated.
  • These are wound treatments tested under medical supervision, not cosmetic recipes.
Sources (5)

Not testedOtherFringe

TB-500 after derma-rolling (community question, no recipe)

Original source-specific report. Collection checked 30 Sep 2026; presentation annotated 2026-10-01. Source date and reporter identity are not separately verified. Exact form and route are limited to the source’s description.

Batch: not stated

Ingredients and methodHide the recipe

Ingredients

IngredientAmountRole
TB-500 (TB4), reconstitutednot statedActive

Method

No method was given; the poster asked what strength to use.

How it’s used
Proposed after derma-rolling.
  • Another user listed TB-500 among freeze-dried peptides they wanted to combine in one serum with Snap-8, hyaluronic acid, BPC-157, NAD+ and glutathione, without amounts.
  • A 2021 thread discussed a mouse study of TB-500 applied to the skin for hair growth; replies were sceptical that it works in people. One user put a BPC-157 and TB-500 cream on a hamstring strain.
Sources (5)
Editorial synthesis and reported strength comparison

This synthesized method combines source records. It has not been validated for preparation, sterility, compatibility, absorption or storage. Select a reported strength to inspect the arithmetic; no strength is selected for you.

Not testedOn the skin

No amounts were found in the reviewed recipe records for this one. What was found is under “Original source records”.

Good to know

  • Use distilled water, not tap: tap water carries minerals, chlorine and microbes that can spoil the serum.
What people report
Research notes

Naming is the main problem. FDA and doping labs define ‘TB-500’ as the acetylated 17–23 fragment, but forum users sharing lab results (from the testing lab Janoshik, on MESO-Rx and Reddit) say most ‘TB-500’ vials contain full-length thymosin beta-4. Reported ‘TB-500’ doses therefore mostly apply here, and sources rarely say which molecule they mean. Sources directly contradict each other on schedule (2–2.5 mg twice a week versus 250–750 mcg daily) and on which form lasts longer in the body. The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine range ‘300 mcg – 1 gram daily’ looks like a typo but is repeated verbatim by users. The pharmacy behind the daily compounded schedule (Tailor Made Compounding) pleaded guilty in 2020 to distributing other unapproved peptides.

On the skin

The trial gel is thymosin beta-4 itself; many vendors sell ‘TB-500’, which may mean the full peptide or the 17–23 fragment. No home-made topical recipe with amounts was found.

What it is. In plain English.

The full-length thymosin beta-4 protein, studied in animals and in investigational eye-drop formulations; no injectable use is FDA-approved.

Thymosin beta-4 is a 43-amino-acid protein found inside many cells. Investigational RGN-259 eye drops contain thymosin beta-4; those studies do not establish injectable use.

Laboratory and animal studies suggest thymosin beta-4 can bind actin and may affect cell movement, wound repair and inflammation. These findings do not establish effects from injectable products; human studies have mainly examined investigational eye drops.

Reviewed 2026-10-01.

Structure. A close relative’s structure.

Specs. The facts at a glance.

Length
43 amino acids
Sold as
  • TB4 10 mg
In blends
Regulatory status
Not approved. Investigational as eye drops. Banned by .
Also known as
TB4; often sold as “TB-500”

Sources. What this page rests on.

Every source behind this page, with what it says and when it was checked, is in the Source library.

Thymosin Beta-4 in the Source library

Original overview and research notes · annotated 2026-10-01

Historical collection text. Read alongside the claim corrections above; identity or evidence qualifications may supersede this wording.

Wound healing and recovery

A natural protein fragment that helps cells move into and repair wounds.

One of the most abundant peptides inside cells, especially platelets and white blood cells, and released at sites of injury.

It holds onto actin, a building block of the cell skeleton, controlling how cells reshape themselves. That helps cells migrate into wounds, supports and reduces inflammation and scarring.

Strong animal data for skin, eye, heart and muscle repair. Human trials of TB4 eye drops (RGN-259) for dry eye and corneal damage had mixed results. No injectable use has been tested to approval.

Original status record: Not approved. Investigational as eye drops. Banned by WADA.

More in Healing & repair.

Glossary

Angiogenesis

The growth of new blood vessels. Helpful for healing, but also what tumors need to grow, which is why pro-healing peptides raise cancer questions.

Glossary

Phase 1 / 2 / 3

Stages of human drug testing: safety in a few people, then effectiveness in hundreds, then large confirmatory trials in thousands. Most compounds fail along the way.

Glossary

WADA

The World Anti-Doping Agency. Its S0 category bans any substance not approved for human use, which covers most of this catalog.

Glossary

X-ray crystallography

Molecules are packed into a crystal and hit with X-rays; the pattern the rays make reveals where each atom sits.

Glossary

Resolution

How sharp a structure is, measured in ångströms (Å; a ten-billionth of a meter). Smaller is sharper.

Glossary

Protein Data Bank (PDB)

The free worldwide archive of 3D structures of proteins and other molecules measured in experiments. Each entry has a four-character code, like 7KI0.